Nursing Crisis Intervention: Stroke

Nursing Crisis Intervention: Stroke Stroke is a worldwide issue of the expanding older populace. As per the Department of Health (2007a), stroke is the third driving reason for death in the UK, with in excess of 110,000 people succumbing to a stroke every year at an expense to the National Health Services surpassing  £2.8 billion. The Stroke Association (2007) places this number at 130,000 with a death rate at 67,000 every year, including backhanded expenses of  £1.8 billion and expenses for casual medicinal services following stroke at  £2.4 billion. Rate of stroke is similarly as pervasive somewhere else, for example, in the United States where, as the third driving reason for US passings (Becker Wira 2006; Nolan Naylor 2003) stroke is the main source of handicap (Becker Wira 2006; Stroke Association as refered to by Amber 2003, p. 316; Stroke Association 2007). Becker and Wira (2006) express the occurrence of stroke inside the United States is 400,000 people for each year with a foreseen development to more th an 1 million yearly stroke casualties by 2050. The American Stroke Association (as refered to by Amber 2003, p. 316) states â€Å"every 45 seconds, somebody in America has a stroke. Each 3.1 minutes, somebody bites the dust of one.† Nolan and Naylor (2003) express a normal of 35,000 people languish strokes when hospitalized over other disconnected ailments. Such was the situation for Ms. C., who endured an ischemic stroke while hospitalized for a pacemaker embed. As the unit nurture allocated to think about Ms. C., unobtrusive indications of her stroke were seen and answered to the Code Gray[1] group for guaranteed reaction. The numerous jobs of a unit nurture within the sight of an emergency are indispensable in giving sufficient consideration to her patient, remembering the need to keep up a quiet air for the substance of bedlam. Various quick physical appraisals must be performed including the utilization of the FAST criteria[2] (Mathiesen et al, 2006), reaction groups must be alarmed and the attendant must keep the patient quiet and arranged all through the whirlwind of action that can without much of a stretch miracle an older person. While all crises call for quick reaction, it is much increasingly basic on account of stroke when, if the patient is qualified for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)[3] a nitty gritty physical history and assessment, a neurological appraisal, processed tomography (CT) examine and extra blood wo rk must be performed before hopeless harm from the stroke happens. With an attention on understanding effect and nursing intercessions, this paper will introduce the contextual analysis of Ms. C. Case introduction Ms. C., a 78-year-old, wandering, Caucasian female was admitted to the emergency clinic for the substitution of a cardiovascular pacemaker. Ms. C. was bereaved 5 years preceding her present hospitalization and lived alone having two hitched youngsters living in Scotland and Wales. Preceding confirmation Ms. C. was determined to have hypertension (HBP), elevated cholesterol, was diabetic, and was on pharmaceutical prescription for every one of the three conditions. In spring 1995, Ms. C. had repetitive episodes of tachycardia substituting with bradycardia. Following an endeavor to control the circumstance through pharmaceutical intercession, her cardiologist suggested she get a cardiovascular pacemaker; which was embedded without complexity that year. She reports staying healthy since that time; albeit extra clinical notes show the beginning of dementia, as she seems confounded on occasion. Upon confirmation, vitals were ordinary, except for her circulatory strain (BP) which was 175/95. Her doctor requested Ms. C. be begun on Losartan[4]. Resulting vitals demonstrated a vacillation in BP running from a low of 170/90 at 1AM to a high of 195/110 at 10AM. As Ms. C. was not reacting to drug or liquid adjusting suggested by her doctor and her BP kept on climbing, her cardiologist delayed medical procedure until her BP was managed. At 11:48am, when taking Ms. C.’s vitals, she seemed confounded, her discourse was slurred, there was slight facial hang and she was unable to broaden her arm for the circulatory strain sleeve. At 11:50am a Code Gray alarm was sounded. Effect on the patient While evaluating the effect on the patient when a stroke happens, the medical attendant must know about the suggestions on an assortment of levels, including organic, mental and sociological. On account of Ms. C., there were extra ramifications for each of these because of the blend of her low-level, yet dynamic dementia. Organic changes in an ischemic stroke (affirmed by the CT check rather than hemorrhagic) were the consequence of a thrombolytic impediment at the cerebral supply route branch point because of atherosclerosis. On the cell level, neuronal harm happens when neurons become depolarized and take into account excessive measures of calcium to cross the cell layer that eventually prompts a demolition of said cell film and different structures inside the neuron (Becker Wira 2006). Becker and Wira (2006) additionally remark on the neuronal harm brought about by free radical, arachidonic corrosive and nitric corrosive age that happens during the ischemic cascade[5]. Hereditary actuation additionally happens and prompts the creation of cytokines because of and as a reason for aggravation that can â€Å"consume† the ischemic obscuration (Becker Wira 2006). On the off chance that one can restrain the level of injury to the ischemic obscuration situated inside the origami, the level of change less harm because of the ischemic scene is restricted and is the objective of prompt stroke reaction (Becker Wira 2006). A mix of indicative research facility tests[6] and fast nursing appraisals would be required to evaluate the degree of harm. Despite the fact that the Code Gray methodology is outfitted towards quick reaction to take into account overseeing t-PA inside the three-hour window, Ms. C. was not qualified for t-PA treatment because of her uncontrolled hypertension (Bonnono et al. 2000, p. 300). The mental effect on Ms. C was the most sensational as her post-stroke status left her more befuddled and dreadful than one may discover in a strike casualty due to the comorbid dementia. Notwithstanding being scared of the obscure and feeling alone as a widow and without her youngsters present, Ms. C. felt sold out by her body and didn’t comprehend what was befalling her or why. Mentally Ms. C. must be resisted the urge to panic and be helped to remember what was happening and why, with such situating remarks as â€Å"You will be analyzed by Dr. X† or â€Å"You will have a test done that won’t hurt you. There is no should be apprehensive; I’ll be with you to guarantee you’re safe.† With the obscure of any perception shortages brought about by the stroke it was likewise essential to remind other colleagues that Ms. C. had issues with disarray and that it was significant â€Å"for patients with dementia specifically to comprehend what is goin g to happen to them† (Cunningham McWilliam 2006, p. 14). Cunningham and McWilliam (2006, p. 14) recommend that nursing staff must repay in their correspondence with dementia patients and this regularly expects medical attendants to re-organize their errands and feeling of instantaneousness so as to offer the patient the best degree of mental or potentially passionate help. Lipley (2005) states one of the most significant nursing assignments is offering backing to a stroke tolerant. The sociological effect identifying with Ms. C.’s emergency was restricted for the short term while hospitalized, in spite of the fact that she showed that she needed her kids reached and mentioned they go to the clinic. The greatest sociological change and difficulties confronting Ms. C. would be following her release from the emergency clinic. Contingent upon the measure of all out harm experienced her stroke and the ensuing advancement with treatment to recapture lost usefulness, it was likely that Ms. C. would migrate to either live with one of her youngsters as well as settle in a home for the matured. This necessary the medical attendant to contact a social specialist to support Ms. C. with her alteration. Suggestions for the association One of the six key objectives set up by the Department of Health’s National Stroke Strategy (2007b) is to â€Å"accelerate the crisis reaction to stroke and improve coordination between various organizations and experts included including through improved access to CT scanning.† Fortunately, the emergency clinic where Ms. C. endured her stroke agreed to this objective and had a Code Gray group gathered. National Health Services (2007) approximates 90 percent of clinics in England as readied to regulate specific stroke administrations. The quantity of stroke casualties is expanding each year. The medical caretakers must know about required mediations. This paper has featured the ischemic stroke and patient effects, just as those on the association and medical attendant. The diagrams underneath presents required nursing mediations in light of an inpatient stroke. Reference Golden, R., Watkins, W., 2003. The people group effect of Code Gray. Basic Care Nursing Quarterly, 26 (4), pp. 316-322. Becker, J. U. Wira, C., R. 2006. Stroke, Ischemic [Online]. Accessible from: http://www.medscape.com/emerg/topic558.htm [cited March 16 2007]. Bonnono, C., Criddle, L. M., Lutsep, H., Stevens, P., Kearns, K., Norton, R., 2000. Emergi-ways and stroke groups: A crisis division way to deal with intense ischemic stroke. Diary of Neuroscience Nursing, 32 (6), pp. 298-305. Cunningham, C. McWilliam, K., 2006. Thinking about individuals with dementia in AE. Crisis Nurse, 14 (6), pp. 12â€16. Branch of Health, 2007a. Stroke [Online]. Branch of Health. Accessible from http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Policyandguidance/Healthandsocialcaretopics/Stroke/index.htm [cited March 16, 2007]. Branch of Health, 2007b. Building up a national stroke system [Online]. Branch of Health. Accessible from http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Policyandguidance/Heal

Living with Mental Disorders free essay sample

A conversation of the ramifications of living with mental turmoil, including clinical issues and the truth of day by day life. Utilizing ADHD for instance, this paper talks about issues identified with living with mental disarranges. Determination and clinical concerns are tended to. The truth of living with such a confusion and its effect on different parts of every day living, for example, school, work and social working are inspected. For a long time the field of brain science has had clinical rules set for it in the diagnosing of mental issue. The DSM-IV records side effects and measures required to analyze certain psychological issue and it clarifies how those clutters show themselves restoratively. When the turmoil is analyzed in any case, there are regularly every day life modifications and suggestions that are found also. The treatment of a psychological issue includes a legitimate and intensive conclusion as well as treatment that comprehends the day by day ramifications of having a psychological issue. We will compose a custom exposition test on Living with Mental Disorders or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

Dbq India vs Japanese Workers Cotton Industry

Japan and India during the 1880s-1930s had numerous similitudes, for example, same monetary change from automation to treatment and installment of the workers in the cotton business, in any case, contrasts in laborers on social sexual orientation and business rates. The Western impacts of automation from Industrialized nations expanded the two economies of India and Japan through the expansion creation of cotton. Records 1 and 2 is solid information on the grounds that the source being of taught authorities.In India cotton expanded by multiplied measure of its unique creation as found in Document 1, however this just would’ve occurred by filling employment opportunities the machines accompanied based off the proof in report 6. The Indian market analyst, Mukerjee, is supportive of the private financial specialists for carrying automation to India since it will build exchange all through the worldwide exchange systems interfacing India to more pieces of the world.Although Japan was later motorized in cotton creation, its expansion of cotton yarn from year 1884 to 1914 held higher rate than, taking everything into account Japanese economies likewise increased a superior benefit which would prompt associations with different pieces of the world by sending out cotton. The huge measure of creation in the cotton business had representatives from the working and lower class.Contained in Document 5, Japanese cotton enterprises paid their laborers exceptionally low wages by exploiting the excess of individuals having the status of joblessness, a result of this is conceivable private enterprise so the specialist couldn't set aside cash and attempt to begin his very own business. In examination, India paid low wages in result to free enterprise too, yet in addition allows a laborer for just two years most extreme since conceivable over-use of laborers lessening speed creation spoke to in Document 9.A record from a plant proprietor containing the benefits over the ho ur of the cotton blast would be useful in understanding the wages of representatives being so low since its conceivable the proprietor had minimal expenditure to give after buyingthe machines to deliver cotton and furthermore to restitution its speculators. With all the new motorization and joblessness on the high, organizations recruited numerous laborers. In any case, Japan recruited monster measures of ladies contrasted with India.Indian laborers in the cotton business for the most part comprise of guys in light of the fact that when under British decision, ladies and kids had work laws where they could just work certain measure of hours that was not as much as guys. Report 7 subtleties the decay of ladies representatives of years 1909-1934 in view of these laws set up. In any case, Document 7 shows Japanese consistency of rate in ladies representatives on the grounds that the Japanese society didn’t have any work laws and ladies were less expensive to pay.Japanese familie s lived in neediness and considered their to be as an approach to have another wellspring of pay, as a result of resource cultivating most provincial Japanese ranchers sent their little girls to work to benefit the family in finish of record 4. We are given in report 3 the treatment and conditions on japanese laborers through an individual reviewing. The recognition of her sister who passed on in view of the work conditions could have modified her story, making the manufacturing plant work appear to be a lot of more terrible than what it may have been.However, on the off chance that we had acquire an extra record containing a similar standard of an Indian specialist in the cotton business demonstrating how life was in the industrial facilities we could all the more likely thoroughly analyze the two nations work life. An individual letter to the laborers family could show misrepresentation of production line life like the one in Japan making an all the more reasonable correlation. Re port 8 and 10 both photographs taken by legitimate documentors shows dependable source as archives. Both speaking to an image of how production line functioning resembled in India and Japan with various sexual orientation laborers between the two countries.India anyway in record 10 is utilizing automated machines contrasted with archive 8 where ladies are handweaving cotton. In report 10 we can see more measure of yarn contrasted with 8 demonstrating India flourishing quicker at that point in Japan production lines that aren’t automated at this point. The 1880s-1930s was where their was a monetary lift for both Japan and India just as business rises yet compensation stay for the laborers, anyway these nations contrasted on the laborers they utilized on sexual orientation and sums.

The Importance of Freedom in Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour”

Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† grabs its readers from the start and creates an unexpected twist at the end of the short story. Louise Mallard is given the news that her husband has died in a terrible train accident. To her surprise, he arrives home and â€Å"did not even know there had been one† (Chopin, 607). Upon the death of Louise who once believes she was a widow only to find that her husband is still alive, the confusion begins. The death of Louise is questioned by many critics as a state of shock, depression, and sadness. However, Mark Cunningham’s criticism of Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† states that her death was instead a discovery of freedom from the physical strains of her marriage with her husband and societal views†¦show more content†¦She was finally free, and therefore did not want to jeopardize it by expressing her feelings too soon. Upon looking out the window Louise saw that â€Å"there wer e patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window† (Chopin, 607). The blue sky symbolizes the sadness in her life from her marriage and the clouds piling over this blue sky represents the fact that the sadness in her life was finally fading away and her happiness was finally being reached with the passing of her husband. Louise, â€Å"whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky† (Chopin, 607) realizes that this blue sky is indeed a representation of, as Cunningham would argue, â€Å"control of her life fully, for there is no place for her in patriarchal society† (Cunningham, 53). Louise’s gaze of the blueness in the sky, is the true realization that she is free from all worries and can finally live as the dominant woman partner in the relationship. Mark Cunningham’s critical argument looked at Louise’s â€Å"new understanding of her marriage and her supposed sudden freedom from that marriage as well as the position of women in the late nineteenth-century† (Cunningham, 49). However, I feel it’s important to study the background surrounding why this marriage may have been so straining on Louise’s life. Chopin’s short story makes many referencesShow MoreRelatedThe Unique Style Of Kate Chopin s Writing1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe unique style of Kate Chopin’s writing has influenced and paved the way for many female authors. Although not verbally, Kate Chopin aired political and social issues affecting women and challenging the validity of such restrictions through fiction. Kate Chopin, a feminist in her time, prevailed against the notion that a woman’s purpose was to only be a housewife and nothing more. Kate Chopin fortified the importance of women empowerment, self-express ion, self-assertion, and female sexuality throughRead MoreKate Chopin s Literary Creativity And Women s Independence1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most influential feminist writers of the century. From Chopin’s literary rejection of The Awakening, the rejection sparked a fire in Chopin’s feminist side. Chopin began writing short stories that would become society’s lead in literary creativity and women’s independence. Kate Chopin’s biography is astonishingly intriguing and the importance Chopin plays to the feminist literature genre is exceptional. Critics either rave Chopin’s work or completely destroy it. Kate Chopin, born KatherineRead MoreEssay on Structural Technique in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin861 Words   |  4 Pagesshort story. Kate Chopin uses structural techniques to enhance â€Å"The Story of an Hour† from beginning to end. She follows formal structure to a certain degree, but occasionally strays to actual structure. Upon analysis of the organization of Chopin’s story, the reader understands the powerful meaning that is expressed in such a short piece. Initially, a short story begins with an exposition. This is the laying out of important background information, characters, and setting. Chopin’s story is onlyRead MoreA Dolls House And A Dolls House Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen one of his most famous literature works â€Å"A doll’s house† and Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å"The story of an hour† portrays to the Victorian era, when women didn’t have rights. Both authors were born in an era where women didn’t have rights, and that women faced many aspects in life, such as being submissive to their husband’s, they were viewed as possessions than as people, and live a life that they didn’t want to live during the Victorian age. Even though Ibsen did not live the life ofRead More Contrast of Irony and Style in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour1411 Words   |  6 PagesContrast of Irony and Style in Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopins use of irony in her short story, The Story of an Hour, stands in direct contrast to the subtle manner in which she tells the story. Strong use of irony in a short story yields more honesty in a character. She achieves this quality by immediately setting the premise, that Mrs. Mallards fragile health would ultimately lead to her demise, upon receiving the news of her husbands death. Before an immediate assumptionRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin862 Words   |  4 PagesFiction Analysis: The Story of an Hour Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, is about one married woman’s true hidden feelings of being married in the 19th century. The story was published in 1894, a time where it was unacceptable for women to express their wants and needs as a woman. Women were not seen equal to men and did not have the same privileges as men such as voting. Therefore, some of her literary works were considered controversial. It wasn’t soon until the late 20 centuryRead More Womens Repression in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Essay711 Words   |  3 PagesKate Chopins The Story of an Hour is a great story that conveys an important message about life and how difficult it can be for women, particularly in previous centuries. Back in the late 1800s and early 1900s, when this story was written, women were quite often mistreated and had to live restricted lives that lacked opportunity. Generally, women weren?t liberated during the 19th century. Traditionally , women did all the hard work in the house and had no opportunities to make their own living orRead MoreComparing the Yellow Wallpaper Story of an Hour1255 Words   |  6 PagesGilman and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin are two short stories that can today be categorized as feminist works of fiction. The main characters are females who are struggling for freedom from their husbands. Although the characters situations differ and the women react differently once they are aware of their suppression, the authors use similar motifs, imagery and themes. Both Gilman and Chopin use irony and the themes of repression of women in marriage and the importance of freedom to suggestRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in â€Å"The Story of an Hour†671 Words   |  3 Pagessymbols and imagery used by Kate Chopins in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† give the reader a sense of Mrs. Mallard’s new life appearing before her through her view of an â€Å"open window† (para. 4). Louise Mallard experiences what most individuals long for throughout their lives; freedom and happiness. By spending an hour in a â€Å"comfortable, roomy armchair† (para.4) in front of an open window, she undergoes a transformation that makes her understand the importance of her freedom. The authors use of Spring timeRead More The Differences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour760 Words   |  4 PagesThe Differences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Free! Body and soul free!, Mrs. Mallard kept whispering. One persons ultimate freedom may be seen as a tragedy to another. Kate Chopin illustrates this idea in The Story of an Hour. The story is set in the nineteenth century. Chopin uses the death of Mr. Mallard to show the reader Mrs. Mallards deep feelings. In the story, Josephine and Mrs. Mallard are sisters. Although the women come from the same

The Challenges of Foster Kids after They Turn 18 - 1143 Words

Youth who age out of the foster care system are faced with several challenges. Aging out of foster care refers to children who are discharged from care, namely care that is no longer provided by the government, usually between the ages of 18 and 21. Many of these young adults are forced into independence, with little to no resources helping them assume adult responsibilities. Youth that age out of the foster care system have a higher likelihood of becoming homeless, lack job training skills, and have a higher risk of substance abuse and health problems. Many youth who aged out of foster care report being homeless at some point in time after discharge. Approximately 14% of males and 10% of females report being homeless at least once since their discharge from foster care services (Baugh 2008). Due to limited work histories and/or lackluster job training, many former foster children will face difficulty finding employment. Those who do obtain employment may be forced to work low-payi ng jobs, making them susceptible to exploitation, poverty, and increased difficulty establishing their independence. Foster care youth are a vulnerable group with a high risk for substance use and abuse. Within this population of youth illegal drugs are used because of experimentation and peer pressure, self-medication due to lack of health care, and coping mechanisms for stress. Many youth upon leaving foster care face additional issues in relation to their physical and mental health.Show MoreRelatedCritique of Dave Pelzers Autobiography, The Lost Boy Essay example905 Words   |  4 PagesDaves adolescence, rather than his abusive childhood. It is a moving story, starting out with a brief glimpse into the horrible abuse that he experienced as a child from his mother, and then moving into the difficult trials of being placed in numerous foster homes. The abuse that he went through is tear-jerking. His mother made him sleep in the basement on a cot without blankets, would only fee d him when she wanted to which was rarely, and played evil mind games with him, leading him to believe that heRead MoreEssay about How to Read Literature Like a Professor1562 Words   |  7 PagesHow to Read Literature Like a Professor by Thomas C. Foster Chapter Reflections Introduction: How’d He Do That? * How do memory, symbol, and pattern affect the reading of literature? How does the recognition of patterns make it easier to read complicated literature? Discuss a time when your appreciation of a literary work was enhanced by understanding symbol or pattern. * When reading literature: memory, symbol, and pattern help you understand the text better. If you don’t comprehendRead MoreAdoption And The Adoption System1843 Words   |  8 Pagesadoption and the process of adoption, and stories of adoption. Also, I will talk and explain about the system and what could be improvements to the system. Adoption is an old process. Adoption is a process where parents who cannot provide for their kids can put them up for adoption to couples, or people would provide for the children. The concept of adoption was not legally recognized in the United States until the 1850 s. Back then there were no formal records of children being adopted. As the numbersRead MoreThe Teenage Mother Case Study1621 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage Mother Case Study Introduction This essay deals with the circumstances and challenges faced by 24-year-old Hailey, who became pregnant when she was 18, and now lives with Casey, her six-year-old daughter. Hailey has been referred to social services cell for appropriate social work intervention. She has been engaging in bouts of anger issues and has a history of suffering from binge eating weight loss. 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To many Americans, poverty does not seem problematic, but the issue exists and is very real. Since severe poverty leads to homelessness, the next step is children being put in foster care because their parents do not have theRead MoreCross Cultural Differences Between The United States, Finland, And South Korea Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Dennis Soc 210 Introduction to Sociology 5H02FA Cross Cultural Differences in Education Education plays an important role in our everyday lives. It allows us to have the knowledge and capabilities to perform tasks and overcome challenges in a variety of situations. Education is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, beliefs, or values. These attributes that are acquired in education helps to get into college, start a career, or can even understand people. 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In fact, â€Å"sixty-one percent of American adults are convinced that today’s youth face a crisis in their values and morals, look at teenagers with misgiving and view them as undisciplined, disrespectful, and unfriendly† (Latham, 2003). One way to help change the attitudes of adults and also encourage youth personal development is serviceRead MoreProblems with Adoption4520 Words   |  19 Pages1990 and 2001. It illustrates that the number of international adoptions increased dramatically during that period and also that the countries that the United States have been adopting from have changed drastically. Studies show that most of these kids do very well, but in a small but s ignificant number of cases, things go very badly; the adopted children killing their adoptive parents, the parents killing their children. â€Å"Since the early 1990s, the deaths of 14 Russian children killed by their

Group Reflection - 886 Words

Reflection Paper If I could summarize my group proposal experience in three works it would be patient, organized, and accomplished. My group proposal experience was not that bad. However, I did have to be patient and wait for other members to submit their work. I also had to be patient and see when we could meet because some of my group members did not show up for group meetings. I also felt like the majority of my group was not participating and getting work done. My group was some what organized because we had a checklist of the materials we had to submit and complete. My group was also able to accomplish our binder on time because we had to pull each others weight. The only good thing I can say about my group is that they are nice†¦show more content†¦LeKisha was showing up to the group meetings in the beginning but then she missed some group meetings do to getting her hair done, celebrating her birthday week, and having family issues. She only turned in one article which was hard to use since it were not cited. Are group had to wait for LeKisha to finish her article and do her part. One class she even said that it was her birthday weekend so she might not turn in her work the next class. I honestly wanted to laugh because I thought it was a joke. Her escriptors would be avoider and blocker because she barely participated in the work. A positive impact this experience had on me is that I was able to lead a group. I do not like telling people what to do which is why I do not consider myself a leader. However, this project has taught me that it is not so bad being a leader. Another positive impact is that I was able to see how it is to work with other people. usually in other classes you partner up to complete a one page assignment within an hour. But in groups I was able to work in a group the whole semester and experience a group setting. Something I would do different as a group participant is not take on so much work. I feel like I did the majority of the work because I was the leader. In the future I want my group to contribute more. The reason why I had to take one my teammates work is because LeKisha was unable to attend class do to a familyShow MoreRelatedGroup Reflection : Group Process767 Words   |  4 PagesGroup Reflection Group My concept of what a group consist of is a story that needs to be told and heard from many people with similar issues or problems. The group is a tool to help each member to gain some insight on how they can change or make a difference in their lives for the future. I feel that a group is a place where new relationships can develop and to find self again. Group Process The group process is facilitated by a counselor by the process has to be done by the members. It can be easyRead MoreReflection On Group Processes And Dynamics Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesA Reflection on Group Processes and Dynamics Working within a group or team is unavoidable for most people. We are involved in sports teams, assignment groups, work teams, social groups and a variety of other groups and teams. Each of these groups share one thing in common, that is each requires us to communicate in some way in order to reach a shared goal or target. Therefore, it is imperative to know and understand how to work and communicate effectively with others to maximise outcomes and productivityRead MoreReflection On Group Therapy Reaction1509 Words   |  7 PagesGroup Therapy Reaction Thus far in the program I have had the opportunity to experience the process of group therapy. Luckily, I have had the opportunity to run group sessions at my practicum site, so I have gained substantial information about the group process. 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Measuring Top Incomes Using Tax Record Data -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Measuring Top Incomes Using Tax Record Data? Answer: Introduction The present case study is based on the ascertainemt of the residential status of Minh relating to the income tax purpose. Additionally, the case study will be determining the residential status effecting the assessment of income derived from Malaysian and the income from investment in Australia. The case study of Minh opens with the station the situation that the Minh was born in Malaysia and carried out her business activities. In the later part of June 2016, she was granted with the Visa of working in Australia and she arrived with her family with the probable of intention of eventually migrating and starting a business. An instance was noticed where Minh bought a home in Melbourne and resided with her partner and children with her children being enrolled in the local school of Melbourne. As the general jurisdictional rule stated under section 6-5 (2), (6-10 (4) of the ITAA 1997 residents are generally assessed on based on the ordinary income and statutory income derived from all the sources (Woellner et al. 2016). Accordingly as stated under section 6-5 (3) (a) and 6-10 (5) (a) of the ITAA 1997 a foreign resident or non-resident of Australia are assessed based on their ordinary and statutory income generated from the Australian sources. According to the definition stated under the section 995-1 of the ITAA 1997 and under section 6-(1) of the ITAA 1997 a resident or Australian resident for taxation purpose represents an individual residing in Australia and comprises of the person that has the domicile in Australia (Barkoczy 2016). An Australian resident represent a resident that has been living in Australia either constantly or intermittently for more than half of the income year unless the officer of taxation is content that the persons usual place of residence is out of Australia and has no intent of taking up the residence in Australia (Vann 2016). In order to determine the domiciliary position of Minh three alternative test will be conducted as to whether Minh will be treated as Australian resident for taxation purpose; these alternatives test includes Residency test according to ordinary concepts Domicile test The 183 day test Resides Test according to ordinary concepts: The first test that is conducted in determining the residential status of an individual is whether an individual Resides in Australia (Barkoczy 2017). On satisfying, the test there is no further need of conducting any further test for assessing the domiciliary position of an individual. On satisfying the Resides test, the person will be regarded as the resident of Australia for the purpose of tax. The term Reside represent to live permanently or for a considerable period. The question relating to fact and degree is explained in the case of Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Miller (1946) where the question of fact and extent is reliant on the circumstances of case (Tan, Braithwaite and Reinhar 2016). The Reside Test takes into the consideration the quality and the character of a persons actions at the time when the person was present in Australia. Additionally taxation ruling of TR 98/17 in determining the residential status of an individual under the Resides Test takes into the acco unt; The taxpayers usual purpose and intention of presence in Australia The business and family ties of the taxpayer in Australia Looking after and location of the taxpayers assets. The taxpayers communal and physical arrangement Time until when the taxpayer was physically present in Australia also forms the relevant factor in determining the residential status however the time period cannot be regarded as the detrimental factor (Braithwaite 2017). As evident from the case study of Minh, migrated to Australia eventually with the intention of probably migrating and commencing her business activities. It was noted that she bought a home in Melbourne where she resided with her partner and children. As held in the case of Macrea v Macrea (1949) a migrant that settles with the family in Australia would be generally regarded as living in Australia from the date of the individuals arrival in Australia (Davis et al. 2015). Notwithstanding of the fact that the persons business or personal interest may need he or she to be absent from Australia for an extended period. For instance an individual migrating to Australia with his wife and children and bought a home in Australia. The individual retains the business in his nation of origin an often returns to the country of origin for carrying out the business activities for 2 or 3 months in a year (Saad 2014). Ordinarily the person would be regarded to be living in Australia in spite of the o verseas absence. Similarly, in the case of Minh she has migrated from Malaysia to Australia and has purchased a home in Melbourne where she resided with her partner and children. She returns to Kuala Lumpur for carrying out the business activities. Minh will not be treated as residence in respect of the ordinary concepts for the income year 2016-17 since she has not taken up the residence permanently. The residency status of Minh and her children is an independent and separate matter. Domicile Test: Domicile is determined in respect of the Domicile Act 1982. An individual is regarded as the Australian resident given their domicile or place of abode is Australia (Miller and Oats 2016). An individual is not considered to be an Australian resident only under the circumstances when the officer is content that the individual place of residence is out of Australia. Domicile relating to choice of country represents the circumstances where the taxpayer intends to make their home indefinitely. As evident from the current case study of Minh, she has the permanent place of abode outside of Australia in Malaysia however; she originally migrated from Malaysia to Australia with eventual intention of residing in Australia until further notice and commencing her business. She even bought a home in Melbourne and her duration or continuity of presence in overseas country was broken intermittently (Mihaylov et al. 2015). Citing the reference of FCT v Applegate (1979) Minh has not abandoned any of her home or place of dwelling in Australia and returns to Australia after carrying out her business in Malaysia. According to the decision stated by the court in the case of Henderson v Henderson (1965), an individual maintains the domicile of the country of his or her origin except an individual obtains a home in another country (Burton and Karlinsky 2016.). Taking into the considerations the instances obtained from the current case study it can be stated that Minh is not an Australian occupant for tax purpose in respect of the Domicile Act 1982. Importantly, it would appear that they are Australian resident but the residency status of Minh and her children are independent during the income year 2016-17. Because of this, she cannot be held resident for taxation purpose under the domicile test. Additionally, she has no intent of taking up the residency in Australia. The 183-day Test: An individual under the 183 days test is regarded as the Australian occupant if the individual has actually be present in Australia either continually or in breaks for more than one half of the income year (Davison, Monotti and Wiseman 2015). An exception to this rule is that a person will not be considered as the Australian resident if the individual satisfies the commissioner of taxation that if, his normal place of dwelling is out of Australia and has no purpose of taking up the residency of Australia. The 183 days test is helpful in determining whether an individual has commenced living in Australia. As evident from the current situation of Minh, it is noticed that she has only spend 120 days in Australia. An individual is regarded as the Australian resident given the person has successfully met the criteria of 183 days and meets the definition of the resident in respect to the subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1997. However, an important assertion can be bought forward by stating that a person under the 183 days test is only regarded to hold as resident if an individual has been present and living in Australia for more than six months of the year of income (Grudnoff 2015). Minh in this aspect has not been presented in Australia for more one half of the income and as result of this for the year 2016-17 she cannot be regarded as resident of Australia for the purpose of tax. On a conclusive note, an assertion can be bought forward by stating that Minh residency will be considered as separate and independent matter. She cannot be considered as Australian resident for taxation purpose since she has not met the criteria of Resident in terms of the ordinary concept, domicile test and 183 days test. More importantly the residency status of Minh is independent and distinct subject. According to the judgement stated in the case of Nathan v FCT (1918) in determining the original source of income is regarded as practical and hard matter of fact (Evans, Minas and Lim 2015). Referring to the judgement of federal court in United Aircraft Corp (1943), a business income constitute where the business is transacted or the place where the goods are sold. As evident from the present situation of Minh, it is evident that she is not an Australian resident for taxation purpose during the income year of 2016-17. Minh is regarded to be foreign occupant since the behaviour relating to the time spent in Australia fails to reflect the extent of continuity, routine or habit, which is consistent with being an Australian resident. The income derived from the Malaysian business will be subjected to tax including the tax rates and the withholding amount (Burkhauser, Hahn and Wilkins 2015). Minh being a foreign a resident will be required to lodge the annual Australian income tax return for the investment income derived in Australia from the Australian source. The current case study is associated with the determination of the alternatives arising out of the proceeds from the sale of the town house that could be held for assessment in respect of the ITAA. The case study introduces the situation where the Jack has inherited a small family land that was located in Melbourne. Jack undertook the decision of retirement from the farm business. With his children, having no interest in farming business Jack decides to engage in the discussion with accountant who further provided Jack with advice of selling the farm to the property. Following the meeting with the property developer Jack was advised to cease the activities of farming and should subdivide the land. He undertook the decision of subdividing the land commence construction of houses, which could be sold. Following the completion of the Building Jack engaged with the real estate agent and sold the twenty houses and made a profit of $300,000 from each of the houses. Several instances have been noticed where the landowners have the opportunity of subdividing and selling the land that was owned by them for a very long period (Carling 2015). The usually takes place where the primary producers owns the land on the outskirts of the urban areas and the expansion in the residential represents that the proper use of land is for the purpose of residential rather than using the land for farming purpose. On certain circumstances the activities of property, development undertaken by the owners is regarded very substantial since it possess the prospect of deriving large amount of profit from the project. Important considerations must be paid to the circumstances where a small to medium subdivision might qualify as the mere realization of the land and when the project may turn out to be a profit making undertaking or business (Jacob 2016). In the circumstances where an individual owns the land, which is suitable for development, would want to make sure that, the profit that is derived from activities of development is held as capital account. The landowner under such circumstances can undertake the decision of selling the entire property to the developer. As held by the federal law court in the event of Westfield Limited v Commissioner of Taxation (1991), a lone sale of the asset that is not bought for the purpose of resale at profit or development would meet the requirements of being held as the capital receipt (Hail, Sikes and Wang 2017). As evident in the current situation of Jack subdividing the land that was used for farming and building houses for selling them holds the substantial relation of deriving large amount of profit from the project. However, there are certain alternatives where the proceeds from the sale of town houses could be assessed under ITAA (Chardon, Freudenberg and Brimble 2016). In respect to the current case study of Jack there are certain alternatives based on which the proceeds from the sale of subdivided land could be held for assessment under the Income tax assessment act are as follows; The subdivision and the sale of land might qualify as the mere realization of the capital asset. The scale of business might be in such manner that it may constitute carrying on of a business of property development by the taxpayer (Tax 2015). The development might go beyond the concept of mere realization of land but may shortfall of the requirements of carrying on of a business. In such a situation, it would be characterised as the profit making undertaking or scheme. As evident from the current case study of Jack, the three alternatives has been demonstrated above that could be put into use to determine the assessment of the sale of town house by Jack under the provision of ITAA. In context to the alternatives mere realization of capital asset is applicable on Jack since the property was subdivided and sold by the Jack in 20 lots. The judgement of federal court in Allied Pastoral Holdings v FC of T (1983) has defined the circumstances of mere realisation of asset (Coleman and Sadiq 2013). Several authorities have affirmed that the taxpayer having land constitute a capital asset and development of land in an enterprising manner could consider the profit derived from land as the mere realization of the capital asset given the development is not more than the mere realization of the capital asset. Prior to embarking on the detailed analysis of present situation of Jack in establishing that the building of house on farm land is a mere realisation it is necessary to determine whether Jack has acquired the farm land for the purpose of resale at profit or development (Kenny 2013). Therefore, the income generated from the sale of land would be held assessable as ordinary income notwithstanding of the sale of property. Therefore at the time of advising Jack relating to the above stated issue it is necessary to determine whether there are any evidences of profit making intention at the time of acquisition. The taxpayer in the instance of Reiger v Commissioner of taxation confronts the same problem of mere realisation of capital asset (Krever, 2013). An argument was bought forward by the taxpayer where the acquisition of land was for conducting the palm nursery. As the matter of fact that taxpayer planted some palm trees on the land but did not went around in the form of business manner. The declaration of intention relating to the subdivision of land was regarded fatal in the argument put forward by the taxpayer where it stated that their purpose was to establish business on the property. The taxation ruling of 92/3 states the views of the Australian taxation office where the courts have considered the issues in ascertaining whether an individual taxpayer who has undertaken the activity of land development constitute a mere realisation or have embarked on the profit making undertaking. The principle of mere realisation is stated in the Californian Cooper Syndicates v Harris (1904) (Morgan, Mortimer and Pinto 2013). A well-defined principle has been stated related to the determination of income tax where the taxpayer ordinary investment decides to realise the land and derive a higher price for land then the taxpayer has initially attained it. The higher price is not a profit based on the provision of SD of the ITAA 1982 taxable under income tax. Citing the reference of Westfield Limited v Commissioner of Taxation the court ruled that as soon as it is evident that the action of purchase and sale resulted in profit does not constituted an activity under the ordinary course of business (Sadiq et al. 2014). Alternatively, an ordinary event arising out of other business activity the profit that is in question would be a part of assessable income in respect to ordinary concept given the taxpayer has the intent of making profit at the time of acquiring the property. The law court even went on to the extent of stating that even though the profit making objective might lack depth, the means of attaining the profit by the taxpayer could be an alternative through which the profit could be realised. The taxation ruling of 92/3 determines that a taxable profits originates given that the taxpayer enters into the transaction or by act of law with the objective of making income through one specific means but generates income through other means (Woellner 2013). The issue in the present case of Jack is whether the activities of land development that the landowner has undertaken possess the character of business processes or has the character of profitable transaction. As apparent from the approach undertaken by the Australian taxation office in the taxation ruling of TR 92/3, the ATO is largely reliant on the opinions stated under Miscellaneous Taxation Ruling of MT 2006/1. In ascertaining whether the factors profits generated by the taxpayer is from the one-off subdivision of land would constitute a mere realisation or profit deriving undertaking several factors have been stated by the ATO under MT 2006/1 that are as follows; Is any alternation in the purpose for which the land was held? Whether there is any arrangement of subdivision of land. The ATO states that not a single factor is decisive given there are other factors existent. Opinions may vary that subdivision of property into a small number of plots might constitute as the mere realisation of land. However, this is not the case at the time of applying alternative of mere realisation in the case of Jack. It is vital to appreciated the decision of court in the certain cases indicating that building of houses or land development consisting of several number of lots would still constitute a mere realisation. As held in Casimaty v F.C of T (1997) where the subdivision of farmland over 80 lots was regarded as mere realisation of the farmland (Woellner 2013). The court accepted that the property was used for farming for several years and the decision of subdivision was entirely because of the increasing debt and poor health of the taxpayer. Citing the example of McCorkell v F.C of T the court stated its verdict that subdivision of land that was earlier used as orchard would constitute a mere realisation of the property. Considerably the case of Statham v F.C of T (1989) a development of 105 lots beyond four stages was held nothing less than a mere realisation of the capital asset (Sadiq et al. 2014). In the current case of Jack, the land acquired by him and sold after a longer time it is very likely the subdivision and sale of twenty townhouse would be categorised as the mere realisation. 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Hybrid Entities in Australia: Resource Capital Fund III LP Case. Woellner, R. (2013).Australian taxation law 2012. North Ryde [N.S.W.]: CCH Australia. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C. and Pinto, D., 2016. Australian Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogu