Prison Treatment - 1471 Words

Offenders and the Need for Treatment A hard line stance by law enforcement to treat addiction with a criminal justice approach rather than with a public health approach has resulted in over-crowded prisons and offenders in need of treatment. The rise of the prison population began with enactment of the federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (Olson Lurigio, 2014). Highlighting the escalating prison population, Olson and Lurigio (2014) noted from 1990-2000 the state prison population had almost doubled. Additionally, Taxman, Perdoni, and Caudy (2013) indicated of the approximate 7 million adults being supervised by the United States correctional system, almost 70% have been diagnosed with a substance use†¦show more content†¦The SCC TC program will benefit offenders and the criminal justice system. Offenders will receive prison-based treatment and community aftercare services. Research has shown offenders who participated in prison-based treatment have been found less likely to re-offend compared to those who do not receive treatment (Prendergast, Hall, Wexler, 2003). In addition, prison-based treatment is most effective when coupled with community aftercare services. Offenders who engage in prison-based treatment, in conjunction with community aftercare treatment, are less likely to return to prison compared to those who receive less, and those who do not attend at all (Olson Lurigio, 2014). Community aftercare is a significant component to further the success of prison-based treatment. Prison-based treatment starts the recovery process, but a continuum of care is a necessity to maximize the effectiveness of treatment (Olson Lurigio, 2014). Continued substance abuse treatment along with educational and employment training will be emphasized at the IDOC reentry center. A lack of a high school diploma or GED has been correlated with a high number of offenders who are probation violators (Linhorst, Dirks-Linhorst, Groom, 2012). Employment training will be provided as many offenders have poor work histories. However once an offender obtains employment, research has shown the chances of them remaining a productive member of society increases. (Webster,Show MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of American Prisons929 Words   |  4 Pagespeople are sent to prison with the goal for the convict to be punished, to prevent them from doing bad things again, and to deter others from brea king the law. Each year, millions of people are released from prison, but roughly two-thirds of the prisoners who were released reoffend within three years of leaving prison, often with a more serious and violent offense. This can be attributed to the ineffective correction style that America has adopted: punishment. American prisons have focused more onRead MoreEssay on Prison and Treatment Alternatives1737 Words   |  7 PagesPrison is a punishment given to someone who has broken the law. Prison term is given to an individual who has broken the law from doing so again and to discourage other people by his example. It has been used as a punishment in many countries for many years. The amount of criminals has never decreased; it has only increased through the years. In United States between 1992 and 1995, a 43 percent rise in marijuana arrests and other crime were accompanied by a considerably high increase in crime (SchlosserRead MoreTreatment Of The Mentally Ill And The Prison System926 Words   |  4 PagesNew Asylums†, the program explored the lives in prison of several Ohio inmates. The presentation presented numerous distinct issues of the treatment of the mentally ill in the prison system. The most significant issues presented within the program were the medical treatment received both in and out of the prison system, factors that influence punishment, isolation and medication, the length of the sentencing the mentally ill receive, and why prisons seem to have become the new asylums. One of theRead MoreEthical Practices And The Supervision And Treatment Of Prison Populations1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthe supervision and treatment of prison populations 1 Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations Alvin D. Chestnut CJ552 10/24/2014 Prof: John Hill Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations 2 INTRODUCTION This paper will define the treatment of prisons within the United StatesRead MoreFederal Prison And Addiction: What Are The Treatment Options?2670 Words   |  11 PagesHistory The need for prison-based addiction treatment is intense. In the most recent data from the Department of Justice in 2002, it was found that 68 percent of offenders reported symptoms of addiction in the year before their admission to jail that met addiction criteria. 16 percent of convicted offenders report they have committed their offense in order to get money for drugs. 63 percent of offenders who met addiction criteria had participated in some form of treatment in the past (James Read MoreIs Drug Treatment a Viable Alternative to Prison Time? Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesPrisons and county jails are extremely over populated, so over populated that in some jails inmates are sleeping on the floors. According to Senator Jeanne Shaheen (From Senator Jeanne Shaheen: Prison Overcrowding, 2011), the federal prisons are currently 35 percent over their capacity. The overcrowding is costing the criminal justice system and taxpayers more money to transfer inmates to other facilities and in lawsuits brought by inmates against the prisons. With the prisons and county jailsRead MorePrison Corrections, Treatment Programs, Rehabilitation, And The Prevention Of Recidivism861 Words   |  4 PagesPrison corrections, treatment programs, rehabilitation, and the prevention of recidivism is a process that can only be measured in small percentage points†¦sometimes gaining, sometimes losing, and on an individual level, in the trenches, between the agents of the system and the offenders, a sometimes lumbering, attempt and daily challenge to hold ground. The nature of crime and punishment (rehabilitation and prevention) is fragile and tenuous by nature, with no grand sweeping touchdowns or grand slamsRead MoreThe Treatment Of A Prison Sentence1921 Words   |  8 PagesServing a prison sentence for certain crimes is a just punishment, but being denied a necessary medical treatment is torture. The amount of harassment and sexual assault a man experiences in a male pris on can be quite high but, the amount of abuse a woman would receive in a male prison is far more tremendous. The prison system is set up to house inmates based on their gender; male or female. But, society has evolved and the standard binary system does not apply to most people today, so where doesRead MorePrison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Paper1641 Words   |  7 PagesResearch has identified that prison based substance abuse treatment for offenders differs greatly for males and females. Female offenders tend to have numerous triggers for their substance abuse with the research showing female offenders being significantly disadvantaged compared with male offenders when entering treatment programs (Messina, Grella, Cartier, Torres, 2010). The following essay will summarise research conducted on the topic of substance abuse treatments for incarcerated females, lookingRead MoreToxic Masculinity as a Barrier to Mental Health Treatment in Prisons1320 Words   |  6 PagesMenta l Health Treatment in Prisons This study emphasizes the fact that lives of prisoners are an understudied phenomenon in society. Researchers found that access into prisons for conducting personal interviews were difficult due to the increase of prison population over the past three decades. Researchers also realized that prisoners who were incarcerated or released preferred not to discuss their experiences behind bars for their personal safety and well-being. In the United Sates, prisons occupy over

The Events Of World War I Essay - 2015 Words

World War One Name Institutional Affiliation World War One Introduction World War One was a global war that emanated in Europe. The war lasted for four years from 1914 to 1918. More than seven million civilians and 9.5 million military fighters died during the war. The war resulted in a political shift in the nations that were involved. The war left the world’s strongest countries polarized into two camps, the Allies and the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary and Germany. Causes of World War One Several reasons have been given for the start of the First World War and historians are still debating these reasons today. However, it is evident to historians that the trigger of the war was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and his wife in June 1914 (Duffy, 2009). Before the assassination, Ferdinand was the Austrian archduke and heir to the Austrian throne. Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian citizen and revolutionary, assassinated the couple. The assassination was carried out as a Serbian retaliation for Austria’s control of Bosnia and Herzegovinia, territories that the Serbians believed were rightfully theirs. The assassination resulted in the July Crisis of 1914 that eventually led to the First World War. The assassination was merely a trigger while the following are some of the reasons that have been attributed to the start of the war. 1. Alliances Years before the war eventually started, the European powers had already begun making alliances amongstShow MoreRelatedThe Events Of World War I1178 Words   |  5 PagesHow One Thing Led to Another; WWI No single person or event caused the Great War. However, there were many factors that contributed to the world’s first war. The events that started World War I were a case of one thing led to another(CITE). Many agree that the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand, ultimately led to the beginning of World War I. The major causes of the World War I were embedded deep in European history during the previous 19th century. It really all began during the 1800Read MoreThe Events Of World War I1684 Words   |  7 Pagescase with many wars, a foundation has to be set before the situation can escalate into a fully fledged war. Some concede that ephemeral events just before the outbreak of war are more inciteful of the fighting rather than long held animosity between nations. Others hold credence in the idea that wars often begin long before the first shot is fired, with their sole reason for starting being traced back to previous conflicts and tensions with other countries. The tensions of World War I could be observedRead MoreThe Events Of World War I1245 Words   |  5 PagesCertain aspects of German society following the events of World War I became radically unstable. Such instability from 1918 to 1923, led to a series of economical, political and social crises, which would drastically change t he country. Certain parts of the country were highly progressive, while other parts remained true to right wing beliefs, and as a result, coexistence proved to be too difficult. While Germany was having its own civil issues stemming from internal unrest, outside factors wouldRead MoreThe Events Of The World War I1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe events of 6th June 1944 is widely regarded as one of the most significant things that led to the success of the Allies in World War 1. It did not only allow them the start the liberation of Eastern Europe but also reach Berlin to end the reign of the Nazis and Adolf Hitler over Europe. However there are other battles (Stalingrad, the Battle of Britain etc.) that could have been just as significant as D-Day. From the beginning of the Allied planning the collectively realised that it would notRead MoreThe Events Of World War I Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War One was many years in the making with separate incidences occurring between the empires that ultimately lead up to war beginning. With many powerful empires on edge and wanting to be the most powerful, they did whatever they could to make this happen. The First World War was not sparked by one event or motive, but in turn was started due to many major factors. The war’s blame can be placed on all of the countries involved, rather than solely Germany. These factors from World War One wereRead MoreThe Events During The World War I1662 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The First World War went down in history as one of the worst wars ever to be fought, owing to the magnitude of destruction and loss of life it left in its wake. The war started in 1914 ending in 1919, and has been described variously as the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Great Warà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½the War of Nationsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½War to End All Warsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. (Dwight E, 1966) It was fought by many nations around the world, with Europeans being the main players, and is very significant for the way it shaped the continents yearsRead MoreEvents and Treaties of World War I1317 Words   |  5 Pagescurrently discussing the events and treaties of World War 1. I found this subject very interesting and the fact that many soldiers suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder piqued my curiosity. My teacher discussed how towards the end of the war soldiers portrayed symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and often fled during war which led to most of them being captured by their government and killed. I want to learn more about this topic because it is very interesting to me. I also want to learnRead MoreEvents Leading up to World War I1291 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing agitation for war (cnparm). The German Army opens an anti-Russian Press campaign on the 11th and 22nd of March, a German newspaper predicts that â€Å"a war, the like of which history ha s never seen, is approaching† (cnparm). In April, the influential Pan-German League warns that â€Å"France and Russia are preparing for the decisive struggle with Germany and Austria-Hungary and they intend to strike at the first opportunity† (cnparm). â€Å"When May arrives, the last pre-war staff talks take placeRead MoreWorld War I: Description of Key Events Essay655 Words   |  3 Pagesmountain-top. The hill was significant, due to the fact that the Central Powers could identify the Ally soldiers from kilometres away and therefore easily prepare for battle. Vimy Ridge is significant to our understanding of Canada because this was the event where Canada showed that they were worthy of independence from Britain. The Canadians proved to be an effective and formidable group that deserved sovereignty and respect. Nationalism Nationalism is the belief that one’s nation is superior in all waysRead MoreWhat Events Drew The United States Into World War I988 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieved that World War I was initialized by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, others believe that there were a number of issues that played into the start of the war. There are said to be four areas that played into the cause of World War I, including the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the other three are imperialism, militarism, and nationalism. In this paper, we will discuss all of these areas to see how they played a part. We will also discuss what events drew the United

Case Study of Prince Edward Island Company-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Case study of Prince Edward Island Preserve Company. Answer: Introduction The Prince Edward Island Preserves Company (PEI Preserves) is a manufacturer and retailer of specialty food products located in New Glasgow, P.E.I. The company is founded by Bruce MacNaughton in 1985 which produces high quality specialty foods such as jams preserves, honeys, teas, and coffees using only the highest quality farm gate produce and ingredients. PEI Preserves then diversified and expanded to a wider range of services including restaurants, gift shops, and gardens and had gained popularity not only in other provinces in the country but also globally. Despite the companys success and recognition in its products, it had failed to secure the companys financial need and had gone into receivership in May 2007. Although MacNaughton had been able to repurchase the New Glasgow shop/caf, the adjacent garden property and inventory, PEI preserves needed a feasible product-market strategy to turn around his company. Since the company had been built on gut and emotion, rather than analysis, MacNaughton acknowledged that it is not sufficient for the future. Presented with many growth options to expand its manufacturing and serve a larger market size, the New Glasgow factorys capacity is too small to meet the demands of a larger market. Given the time constraints and lowest net income to revenue ratio, MacNaughton has some major decisions to make. The company needs to have a clear vision, strategy goal and objective critical to the future direction and long-term growth of the company. With a proper analysis on the external and internal (SWOT) environment, MacNaughton can improve PEI Preserves competitive business position. Problem Statement PEI Preserves Companys over diversification and lack of strategy has led to financial losses and an urgent need for direction. Although the company was founded on instinct rather than analysis, the company needs a feasible product-market strategy maximize. Analysis SWOT Analysis PEI Preserves should include SWOT analysis in strategy planning to identify the internal and external factors helpful in matching the firms resources and capabilities to the competitive environment that it operates. Strengths MacNaughtons charisma and personal customer interaction creates a great experience to people especially tourists when visiting the New Glasgow site. Capability to source the greatest quality fruits and raw materials and producing unique and high-quality specialty food products different from its competitors due to its higher fruit content and with champagne, liqueur or whiskey that is not currently in the market. Customer brand loyalty due to its unique food products that consumers buy will regardless of the competition. Broad product mix which includes a wide range of specialized products. Respectable local reputation helps attracts visitors that comes during the summer months. Food products not subject to the 5% national goods and services tax or PEIs 10% provincial sales tax which gives and advantage over other gift products that firms would normally be stressing. Weaknesses Inefficient management due to Bruce MacNaughton frugality and not hiring a management team that could assist him in planning and implementing strategies that the company needed to prosper. Difficulty to attract and retain quality staff due to seasonal operation. Seasonal business structure since Prince Edward Island is mostly a summer vacation destination and most of the companys income is generated during this time only. Limited product promotion since PEI preserves limit itself to personal contact and customer mail order. Cash flow shortage due to the seasonal nature of the business since a large percentage of the income is generated during the summer when visitors are at the island. Opportunities Increasing demand for high-end product both locally and globally. Expansion to two different regions such as Toronto and Japan which can help the company with the cash shortage. Extensive distribution channel including store wholesale in other provinces in the country, hotel chains, and major airlines that will help expand the companys brand. Threats Highly competitive market since the gift and specialization food industry has a few but large players, all competing in the quality, taste, and plan to attract consumers. Array of possible substitutes due to many competitors trying to replicate its products. Competitive pricing capacity due to high priced products, many competitors will try to lower their prices to attract PEI preserves customers. Foreign market awareness and adaptability due to varied consumer preferences from one to country to another, thus a clear understanding of the geographical market that the firm want to enter should be considered carefully. Financial Analysis As evident from the exhibit five, an outline relating to the financial workings has been provided for the PEI Preserve Co. An illustrations obtained from the exhibit five states that the sales have grown by 14.3%. During the financial year of 2008 the company has reported a sales figure for Caf 494160 while in the subsequent year of 2009 the total amount of sales stood 565,000 marking a rise of approximately 14.3 per cent. On the other hand, the cost of sales has increasingly rose by 28% representing that the gross margin has grown slowly and steadily (Scott, 2015). Exhibit five also represents that the company has reported shortage of cash. This is because the cash from the operating line stood negatively to -55000. An assertion can be bought forward in this regard by stating that the firm faces severe shortage of cash. The major factor contributing to the shortage of cash is because of the seasonal nature of the manufacturing operations (Leuz, Wysocki, 2016). Additionally, PEI Preserve Co has failed to secure the appropriate finance to meet the short term business obligations. The major reason contributing to the shortage of cash is because of the higher amount of interest paid by the company on the operating loan. Additionally, the exhibit five represents that the interest and bank charges also included the interest paid by the company on the long term debt and principle. Consequently, the total amount of bank charges stood 95,124 representing a greater level of debt undertaken by PEI Preserve Co. The financial analysis provides that the rise in earnings prior to interest and tax was on the higher side in respect to the growth reported on sales. The rise on sales was reported low in respect to the rise in total assets (Nobes, 2014). An assertion can be bought forward by stating that the rise in sales was higher because of the rise in price by 10% instead of the other factors. Issues Identify issues based on the above analysis. Some of the key issues that were faced by Prince Edward Island Preserve are listed below: Problems relating to cash flow of organization- The success of the diversified products also came with the problems and financing factor was not suitable for the needs of company. Several periods of severe cash shortages were associated with the seasonal nature of manufacturing operations. There was a considerable growth in deficit and the company and in the beginning of 2007, company lost $ 313000. Cash shortage was witnessed in department of cafe and diary bar. Difficulties were witnessed in making payment to creditors and the line of credit by bank was reduced to zero (Sheth Sisodia, 2015). Over diversification- It is ascertained from the case study that numerous products were developed by company ranging from variety of preserves along with mustard, vinegar, honey and repackaged tea. There was the development of diverse product lines. Preferences of consumers were widely diversified. 50% total market demand for jam was occupied by Strawberry jam and there was introduction of more and more varieties of jam simultaneously. Prince Edward Island Reserve had also developed other line of products such as speciality food market and gift and gourmet. Moreover, it also introduced some luxury products that could be sold with a proper marketing strategy and over the years, several forms of diversification occurred. This made problematic for company to concentrate of their specification and targeting a particular segment of market. When the customers are presented with too many choices then there is a possibility of shutting down and diversification at product level is somewhat ri sky. Lack of efficiency in operation- Operations of business of restaurant was questionable because gross margin was increasing at slower pace. This slow increase in gross margin was questionable cost of sales increased more than growth in sales. Process of production of company is labour incentives and this has lower down the productivity of organization. There is no automation of bottling process resulting from decorative fringe that is required to be done by labours. However, there is no guarantee that the product has the requirement of fringe for the bottling process is essential. Moreover, no proper cost benefit analysis was performed by the restaurant and this has resulted in the loss from operations. The main area of concern was the operations of company and it was perceived that the management is not able to take the advantage of opportunities for making the operation process efficient (Houston et al., 2014). Lack of strategy- There is no viable strategy for marketing the products of Prince Edward Island Preserve. It was required by the organization to formulate proper corporate strategy because the industry in which organization is operating is considerably different from that of speciality foods and gifts. The restaurant business of the organization was not the suitable strategy as a part of expansion of business (Baldacchino, 2015). Therefore, the reason associated with the business making loss and negative generation of cash flow in certain department is inappropriate formulation of their strategy. Alternatives Alternative 1 Rethinking of the corporate strategy: One of the options of the PEI Preserve Co is that at the current stage the company is required to think about the corporate strategy whether the firm wishes to continue the business of restaurant. The market of restaurant is considered to be entirely different from the gifts and speciality food market having little collaborations (Luez Wysocki, 2016). Even though the restaurant industry is bringing constant amount of revenues across the year for PEI Preserve Co the management is proving as the threat for the company and this is the major disadvantage. As the income statement collectively presents the financial performance both the restaurant it is difficult to gain the information which of the unit is yielding higher amount of profit for both the locations or just one of the unit. By gaining additional amount of information on the cost and revenues, PEI Preserve Co might be able to determine this options better. On the positive side discontinuing the business of restaurant would assist PEI Preserve Co in easing out the pressure on the vital resources of both the financial and the non-financial aspects (Martnez et al., 2015). By enhancing the financial health of PEI Preserve Co the firm would be in the better position of undertaking more rapid expansion in the areas of gifts and speciality foods market. This could be attained by expanding the business in Tokyo. Additionally, the Tokyo expansion can be gained through merely approaching the new banks that might be interested in offering finance to PEI Preserve Co at the favourable in terest rate. Alternative 2 Issuing preferred shares and expanding in the local market of Tokyo: The PEI Preserve Co can issue preferred shares though it might not be considered as the tax efficient method of raising finance but would provide the firm with much needed cash in meeting the short term obligations. An alternative option for PEI Preserve Co is to exploit the market of Tokyo. This is because the local market of Tokyo would provide PEI Preserve Co to gain massive advantage through lower cost of transport and marketing collaboration. The growing market of Tokyo would help the company in attracting the local consumer and consequently the firm can gain significant amount of market share (Deegan, 2013). Furthermore, another alternative for PEI Preserve Co is to open the retail store at the Japanese airport as this would enable the firm in attracting millions of tourists. On denoting the fact that The PEI Preserve Co does not have any sales agent in Tokyo. Therefore, it can be considered that opening a retail store at the Japanese airport and expanding the consumer base in Tokyo might be a better method of attracting several distributors in and around Tokyo. This would help in creating an alliance which could provide the opportunity of exploiting the Tokyo market. Alternative 3 Setting up the manufacturing unit in Japan: A different alternative for The PEI Preserve Co is that the company might consider setting up the manufacturing unit locally in Japan. The firm can additionally consider outsourcing manufacturing package as this would help in lower the import duties and margins for middleman which would represents a higher profit from the Japanese market (Schaltegger Burritt, 2017). Nevertheless, if the The PEI Preserve Co undertakes the decision of outsourcing, they must ensure controlling the quality. This is because the cost reducing outsourcing is pursued instead of undertaking the reducing outsourcing. Additionally, a large number of evidences has been obtained where the market of Tokyo is regarded as the growing market for the PEI Preserve Co. Even though the market might appear unknown for PEI Preserve Co but Bruce MacNoughton can learn about the Japanese market and specialty food market by learning about the culture (Zhang Andrew, 2014). Problems might arise relating to the high import tariff and rent in Tokyo which is unfavourable for the PEI Preserve Co but it can be a good market to exploit based on the presence of higher population density. Recommendation The general recommendations which can be provided to improve the overall efficiency of the company are given below: The company needs to critically think and change the operational process of the company such as reduce the over diversification which the company is currently engaged in and also overall improve the quality of the products of the company which can be shown by putting quality seals and meeting the licensing standard of domestic and foreign markets (Hooker, 2012). Another issue which the company faces is the seasonality problem in the products which the company is producing. The company can further expand into foreign markets where by introducing the products can reduce the overall seasonality problem of the company (Chang Chou, 2013). For example, the company has access to Japans market and therefore the company can tap into the Japanese consumer market and reduce the problem of seasonality. The company needs to send executives to japan in order to set up an effective retail and distribution system which can facilitate appropriate supply of the products of PEI Preserves in the market of japan (Armstrong et al., 2015). Another problem which the company faces is the crisis of liquidity requirements. The company needs to select the sources through which the company can have access to required funds. The sources of the funds can be equity and debt that is the company can issue shares or take up loans from a bank or other financial institution (Panigrahi, 2013). The business can tie up with a bank to provide to the financing requirements of the company. The company also needs to determine whether the restaurant business of the company is profitable or not and then decide whether to continue with the business or sell off the business. The alternatives as provided above clearly states that the company needs to expand in the market of Japan and also set up retail and distribution system and it is recommended that the company should focus on the expansion of the business in foreign markets. The company as per the plan should expand the markets in japan. Implementation Plan The company should be focusing on the expansion plan of the business into new markets. The targeted market of the company is Japan as the management of the company is of the view that the Japanese consumer market has potential and if they can successfully implement the business strategies in the Japanese market. Moreover, with the expansion of the business in Japanese market the issue of seasonality which the company faces can be reduced. The company first needs to analyze the market of Japan and ensure that the market is suitable for the products of the company. The management of the company needs to set an effective retail system which can support the distribution system for the product of the company. As per the market analysis of Japan, the annual consumption of jam in Japanese market is around 80000 tons in approx. Therefore it can be clearly identified that the market of Japan is clearly favorable for setting up the business of jam which is one of the activities which the PEI Preserves is engaged in. The imports of japan as per previous estimates show that the market almost makes around 8 to 9 percent of imports out of total imports for jam products. Various companies import jam products and utilizes the distribution system to take advantage of the favourable conditions present for the jam market. The company needs to analyze the market of Japan and also analyze the taste and preference patterns of the consumers. Importer who are engaged in the importing business in japan have been earning sales of 10 per cent. The management of the company needs to consider the following factors while considering setting up business in new market: Diversification as per preference: The management of the company should consider the taste and preference pattern of the local consumers of the market. In the case of jams, strawberry jams occupy the maximum percentage of market shares in comparison to other types of jams but it all depends on the taste and preference pattern of the consumers (Oyedijo, 2012). Amount on supply: Another consideration is the amount or quantity which is on offer. In normal circumstances the quantity which is on offer is 650 grams, 440 grams and 250 grams. The quantity of jam which is on offer depends on the marketability conditions, infrastructure and also on the local demand in the country. Price of the product: The management of the company also needs to decide on the price of the product as per the local conditions and demand and supply analysis in the country. Marketing Strategies of the Company: The marketing strategies of the company includes the sales promotion activities which the company engages in in order to maximise the sales of the product. In any new market the companies need to ensure that there are appropriate system of distribution and also appropriate infrastructure required for effective operation of the business (Morgan, Katsikeas Vorhies, 2012). The need for infrastructure and incorporating proper distribution system is to be supervised by the president of the company that is Bruce MacNaughton. Bruce needs to travel to japan personally and ensure that proper infrastructures are present in the market which the company can utilize in order to expand and operate efficiently in the new market. The president will also be making preparations of setting up the companys own distribution system, and also select potential sites for opening a retail store for the company. As per the plan of the management, the retail store and distribution system need to be developed and establish in a period one years time. The main factor which attracted the company to invest in Tokyo project is due to the immense benefit PEI Preserve Co. will be getting as such will be reducing the seasonality problem which the company is facing, and also bulid a brand name of the company in the market of Japan. The company will also be benefitting from the economie s of scale which are present in the market of japan if the company engages in large scale production utilizing the resources of the country considering the distribution system and supply chain system of the country. The risks which any company faces when entering a new market is the risks of competitors. PEI preserves co will also be facing tough competitions from the established companies of Japan. Moreover it will also have to compete with companies which are engaged in the business of importing jam products and distributing the same in the local market of japans. The management of the PEI preserves also needs to address the other issues which the company faces which are given below: Liquidity issues: The company faces serious liquidity issues which the management of the company needs to address if the company wants to improve the overall business efficiency of the company. The management of the company can finance the liquidity requirements by either taking a loan from banks or financial institutions or can issue equity shares which can raise the capital as required by the company. Operating Structure: The company needs to improve the core operating structure which the company is presently using. The company needs to critically rethink the operating system of the company and further redesign the operating structure of the company. Infrastructure: The management of the company needs to improve the infrastructure and distribution system which the company is currently operating with and also there is scope of improvement in the marketing strategies of the business such as introduction of promotional strategies and also introducing promotional strategies such gifts, lucky draw. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that the PEI Preserves can make improvements in the strategies of the company which can lead to the overall development of the overall business. The company best option is to expand the business of the company in new markets as in this case the market of Japan is considered where the business is planning to expand. The company is also planning to issue preference shares in order to raise the capital requirement of the company. The infrastructure of the company and the distribution and supply chain system of the company is also to be adjusted as per the requirement of the new market. As per the analysis of the case study, it will be in the best interest of the company if the president of the company himself goes to survey the new market and also set up a new retail store in the new market after analyzing the market and potential store locations in the country. Exhibits Exhibit A: Revenue Vs. Expenses Exhibit B: Profit Contribution Percentages References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Baldacchino, G. (Ed.). (2015).Entrepreneurship in small Island states and territories(Vol. 8). Routledge. Chang, C. T., Chou, H. C. (2013). A coordination system for seasonal demand problems in the supply chain.Applied Mathematical Modelling,37(6), 3674-3686. Deegan, C. (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Hooker, C. A. (Ed.). (2012).Physical theory as logico-operational structure(Vol. 7). 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Two Cheers for Materialism by James Twitchell Profiles in Splurging’ by Randall Patterson A combined overview Essay Example

Two Cheers for Materialism by James Twitchell Profiles in Splurging’ by Randall Patterson : A combined overview Essay In â€Å"Two Cheers for Materialism,† James Twitchell posits that â€Å"We live through things, we create ourselves through things and we change ourselves by changing our things.† When we look at this claim by the author, it sounds like a veiled criticism of a materialist culture. But through numerous apt examples and nuanced explanations, Twitchell comes around to acknowledge the power of consumerist impulses and seeks to explain what drives them. He also argues that capitalist consumerism is not something that is imposed on people as academic critics often claim. Instead, the continued thriving of consumerism is due to our own innate needs, desires and aspirations. The article by Randall Patterson titled ‘Profiles in Splurging’ complements Twitchell’s core thesis. This essay will qualify the aforementioned working thesis by considering all the facts and arguments presented in these two articles. To a great extent, the claim in the working thesis can be viewed as a logical one and there is evidence all around us that validates and supports it. The acquisition of property and goods is often used as a hallmark of success where the ones who have the â€Å"best†, â€Å"biggest† or â€Å"most† of something are considered most successful. To appreciate that, one only needs to observe the mass media, especially television, magazines as well as online polls. Every year Forbes comes out with a list of the richest in the world. There are surveys to show, for instance which footballer owns the biggest car and art enthusiasts and collectors often strive to have the most extensive collection of paintings, books and many other ostentatious goods. For example Bill Gates is ranked as the richest man in the world, this ranking being based on our perception of money as an indirect endorsement for the man as the most successful businessman alive. These measurements do no t take into account what he has achieved, how many people he has helped or even how happy he is. All that counts are the possessions he has accumulated. Thus the rest of America works tirelessly to acquire as much as they can and often forgetting to enjoy them since their primary goal is to be viewed as successful in their circles. The most direct route to that is to buy and flaunt. It is as if most Americans would pick money over happiness if they had a chance. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Cheers for Materialism by James Twitchell Profiles in Splurging’ by Randall Patterson : A combined overview specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Two Cheers for Materialism by James Twitchell Profiles in Splurging’ by Randall Patterson : A combined overview specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Two Cheers for Materialism by James Twitchell Profiles in Splurging’ by Randall Patterson : A combined overview specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Twitchell is not blind to the obvious flaws of consumerist culture. Going by the centrality that society offers material possessions it would then appear that the poor lack meaning and inevitably faces exclusion from society. A look at the social stratification will confirm that the more one owns the higher they are to climb the ladder of status and prestige. For instance, I imagine the guards in an exclusive hotel are more likely to open the gate for an expensive looking top of the range car than they are for a homeless man or generally disheveled individual. Likewise most Ivy League educational institutions are meant to groom the next generation of political and business leaders at the exclusion of the poor. This discrimination transpires into the workplace as well, where graduates from Ivy League institutions are hired into managerial positions while the economically disadvantaged compete for entry level positions. This is because the consumerist society in which we exist sustains itself by excluding anyone who does not conform to the culture of endless buying and since human beings are social creatures, most of us try to keep up with the consumerist trends (Twitchell). The ‘cool’ and successful individuals and groups at the top of the chain who are the subject of the collective admiration from the less successful are extremely dynamic. This must be so otherwise the materialist culture would come up even if they were to remain static for others to keep up with them. For instance when technology devices such as the new iPhone are unveiled, there are those who can afford to purchase them immediately notwithstanding the price. The rest will save until they can afford the device; however, some months down the line, when they are almost achieving this end, a new more expensive model is unveiled and quickly grabbed by the rich as the rest are left in second place as always. This cycle of changing trends and fashions is what ultimately drives consume rism and manipulates many Americans to keep buying items not for the items own sake but to enhance their identity. In other words, by flouting the possession of fashionable gadgets and accessories, consumers implicitly send out the message that they ‘belong’ or they are ‘successful’. But this identity is superficial and lacking in substance. It is based on an aspiration for vague attainments such as ‘status’. While conceding that materialism causes inequity and encourages superficiality, Twitchell shows how consumerism is part of human nature. Nevertheless, the issue of using material things to create an identity is a two sided coin and there are circumstances where this reasoning would not apply. In addition, to take his claim to be fully logical, one must assume that indeed all acquisitions of property are driven by the desire to create an identity; this assumption would however be quite fallacious. When one buys a car for instance, they may consider it ostentatious value but the main reason they buy it is for the functional vehicular role. This also applies to the purchase of big houses and extensive property. For some people, property and wealth are not by itself an end but a means. One could extend the same reason and claim that consumerism is not behind Bill Gates’ enormous wealth. According to popular opinion he is most notable because of being the richest in the world. H owever it is quite possible that he did not set out to make money but to create computer products such as Windows which came to be greatly demanded globally and as such, for him to meet the needs of billion users. He makes his billions too, but as a by-product and a necessary part of his business. In addition, wealth is used to make distinctions in achievements and it can be viewed as a scale through which human beings can distinguish achievements for effective competition. Thus the more successful one is, say in business, the more money they make and this increases their potential to spend on things that may seem to others as luxuries but with more money one’s definition of necessities changes. Support for Twitchell’s central thesis is found in the article by Randall Patterson for the New York Times. Titled ‘Profiles in Splurging’, the article is a composite sketch of four individuals whose stories serve as testimony to consumerism. Dispelling conventional wisdom that ‘money cannot buy happiness’ the author narrates stories of four Americans who found meaningful happiness through consumption. Whether it is buying a versatile lawn-mower or a Mercedes car or a grand picturesque house, these are profiles of individuals who achieved their American Dream through consumerism. Hence the claim made in the working thesis is not merely true but also leads to benign consequences. Ultimately the statement â€Å"We live through things, we create ourselves through things and we change ourselves by changing our things† in a sense is incomplete by itself since there can be two opposing sides depending on the context. It would be impossible to reconcile both sides of the argument considering that each side provides logical arguments. As such one can conclude that the extent to which materialism defines or does not define individuals or society is dependent on the circumstances under which one acquires or fails to acquire wealth. Evidently some pursue consumerism in pursuit of material objects so they may use them to give their lives meaning. On the other hand others require these things simply so their lives may progress smoothly or they just acquire them as a means to a greater none-material end. References: James Twitchell, ‘Two Cheers for Materialism‘ Adapted from Lead Us Into Temptation: The Triumph of American Materialism, 1999, retrieved from on 12th September 2013 Randall Patterson, Profiles in Splurging, The New York Times Magazine, October 2000, retrieved from on 12th September 2013